Dezincification plant, method for operating dezincification plant, and hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore, wherein the plant can be smoothly started up without imposing a load onto a filter cloth for a separation treatment of zinc sulfide, and the amount of residual zinc in a mother liquor for nickel recovery can be reduced to 1 mg/L. In the plant start-up after the completion of a periodic inspection, a post-neutralization solution is controlled to return to a neutralization reaction tank via circulation piping by adjustment of a switching valve in flow piping without sulfurizing post-neutralization solution. When the flow rate and/or the temperature of the post-neutralization solution circulated reaches a predetermined value, a sulfurization treatment is applied to the post-neutralization solution in the dezincification reaction tank to form zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery and adjust the switching valve. Zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery is transferred to a filter apparatus via transfer piping.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a dezincification plant and a methodfor operating a dezincification plant, and a hydrometallurgical methodfor nickel oxide ore, more specifically relates to a dezincificationplant used in a dezincification step of a hydrometallurgical method fornickel oxide ore, the dezincification step being such that apost-neutralization solution obtained by neutralizing a leachate ofnickel oxide ore is sulfurized to form zinc sulfide, and a mother liquorfor nickel recovery is obtained, the mother liquor containing nickel andcobalt; and a method for operating said dezincification plant; and saidhydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore. The present applicationasserts priority rights based on JP Patent Application 2012-049511 filedin Japan on Mar. 6, 2012. The total contents of disclosure of the PatentApplication of the senior filing date are to be incorporated byreference into the present Application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent years, a high pressure acid leaching method (HPAL method)using sulfuric acid has been attracting attention as ahydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore. Unlike pyrometallurgy,which is a conventional common refining method for nickel oxide ore,this method does not include a pyrometallurgical process, such as areduction or drying process, but includes a consistenthydrometallurgical process, and thus is advantageous in terms of energyand cost. In addition, this method has another advantage that a sulfidecontaining nickel and cobalt (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as anickel-cobalt mixed sulfide) whose nickel grade is improved up toapproximately 50% by mass can be obtained.

This hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore using the highpressure acid leaching method has, for example, the following steps. Inother words, the hydrometallurgical method comprises: a leaching stepwherein sulfuric acid is added to a slurry of nickel oxide ore andleached under high temperature and high pressure thereby to obtain aleached slurry; a solid-liquid separation step wherein multistagewashing is applied to the leached slurry, whereby a leached residue isseparated therefrom while a leachate containing an impurity element aswell as nickel and cobalt is obtained; a neutralization step wherein thepH of the leachate obtained by the separation is adjusted to separate aneutralized precipitate containing impurity elements therefrom, wherebya post-neutralization solution containing zinc as well as nickel andcobalt is obtained; a dezincification step wherein hydrogen sulfide gasis added to the post-neutralization solution thereby to form a zincsulfide, and the zinc sulfide is separated to obtain a mother liquorcontaining nickel and cobalt for nickel recovery; and a nickel recoverystep wherein hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the mother liquor fornickel recovery to form a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide, and thenickel-cobalt mixed sulfide is separated therefrom.

Here in the above-mentioned neutralization step of thehydrometallurgical method, for example, a leachate obtained from thesolid-liquid separation step is fed into a neutralization tank and acalcium carbonate slurry is added thereto, thereby neutralizing theleachate, and an obtained hydroxide precipitate is solid-liquidseparated, whereby a neutralized precipitate and a post-neutralizationsolution are obtained.

Furthermore, in the dezincification step, a post-neutralization solutionis fed into a sulfurization reaction tank, and a sulfurizing agent, suchas hydrogen sulfide gas or sodium hydrosulfide, is added thereto,thereby sulfurizing zinc, copper, and the like which are contained inthe post-neutralization solution, and then solid-liquid separation isperformed using a filter press or the like, whereby a mother liquor fornickel recovery, the mother liquor containing zinc sulfide, nickel, andcobalt, is obtained. (For example, refer to Patent Literatures 1 and2.).

It should be noted that the nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide obtained by thishydrometallurgical method is further used as a raw material forpurification to obtain electrolytic nickel and electrolytic cobalt, andtherefore, in the above-mentioned dezincification step, theconcentration of zinc (Zn) contained in a post-dezincification solutionis required to be reduced to not more than 1 mg/L.

Furthermore, in the dezincification step, when a zinc sulfide formed isfiltered and separated using a filter cloth, it is desirable to preventthe filter cloth from clogging up, thereby inhibiting a reduction infiltration velocity.

As a method for preventing a filter cloth from clogging up, there hasbeen proposed a technique wherein a post-neutralization solutionobtained by the above-mentioned neutralization step is adjusted to havea pH of 3.0 to 3.5, and also said post-neutralization solution is madeto have a turbidity of 100 to 400 NTU, whereby a suspended solidcomprising a neutralized precipitate and a leach residue is made toremain, and thus filterability is improved (For example, refer to PatentLiterature 3.).

Furthermore, the operation in each of the steps is performed at apredetermined temperature and controlled under the optimal temperature.For example, in the neutralization step and the dezincification stepmentioned above, the operation is performed at approximately 50 degreesC., and, each plant is equipped with equipment, such as a steam heater,capable of maintaining process water (including avaluable-metal-containing solution as an intermediate product, apost-neutralization solution, an overflow solution, and apost-dezincification solution) at an appropriate temperature.

However, at the time of a periodic inspection of a plant, removal ofsludge staying at the bottom of each equipment (including tanks to storeprocess water, such as a reaction tank, a thickening apparatus, and astorage tank; piping; and filters); cleaning of the equipment;replacement of breakage parts; and the like need to be performed, andtherefore at least equipment to be subject to the inspection is drainedof process water and made to be empty, and the temperatures of theequipment and the process water are reduced to an approximatelyatmospheric temperature (approximately 30 degrees C.).

Furthermore, in the start-up of a plant after completion of the periodicinspection, it takes approximately one day for a step of adding sulfuricacid to a slurry of nickel oxide ore and leaching under high temperatureand high pressure (leaching step) to be in the 100% operating condition,and therefore the flow rate of process water during the above-mentionedstart-up operation is unstable.

The dezincification step is particularly greatly affected by a temporaryshut down due to such periodic inspection or the like, and thus it isdifficult to simultaneously add hydrogen sulfide gas and a suspendedsolid as a seed crystal to process water whose flow rate and temperatureare unstable. Furthermore, this implies that zinc as an impurity of highconcentration is mixed into a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide obtained aftera sulfurization reaction in the nickel recovery step which follows thedezincification step.

Therefore, in the period of approximately one day required for thestart-up, in order to reduce the concentration of zinc contained in apost-dezincification solution to not more than 1 mg/L, there is taken ameasure wherein excessive hydrogen sulfide gas is added so that no zincremains in a mother liquor for nickel recovery, the mother liquor beingformed through the dezincification step. However, in this case, there isa problem that the zinc sulfide has a minute particle size, whereby aheavy load is imposed on a treatment of separating the zinc sulfide anda mother liquor for nickel recovery containing nickel and cobalt.Specifically, for example, a problem arises that a filter cloth (filter)used for the separation has a shorter lifespan.

Therefore, considering the above, there has been desired an operatingmethod by which, plant start-up after completion of a periodicmaintenance inspection or the like can be smoothly performed withoutimposing a load onto a filter cloth in the above-mentioned separationtreatment of zinc sulfide, and the concentration of zinc in thepost-dezincification solution can be effectively reduced, for example,even to a low concentration of not more than 1 mg/L.

PRIOR-ART DOCUMENTS Patent Document

-   PTL 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H06-116660-   PTL 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-350766-   PTL 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-037626

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is proposed in view of such actual circumstances,and aims to provide a hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore,the method allowing, at the time of plant startup after completion of aperiodic inspection or the like, the start-up to be smoothly performedwithout imposing a load onto a filter cloth used for a separationtreatment of zinc sulfide, thereby allowing the amount of residual zincin a post-dezincification solution to be effectively reduced.

The present inventors have earnestly studied to achieve theabove-mentioned aim. As a result, the inventors have found that, in adezincification step of a hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxideore, at the time of plant start-up, a post-neutralization solution iscontrolled to be returned to a dezincification reaction treatmentwithout sulfurizing the post-neutralization solution, and circulated.With such operation, the flow rate and the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution is adjusted to be stabilized, therebyallowing the start-up to be smoothly performed and a dezincificationreaction to be effectively performed, whereby the amount of residualzinc in a mother liquor for nickel recovery as a post-dezincificationsolution can be effectively reduced, and thus the inventors completedthe present invention.

That is, a dezincification plant according to the present invention is adezincification plant used in a dezincification step of ahydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore, the dezincification stepbeing such that a sulfurization treatment is applied to apost-neutralization solution obtained through a neutralization step ofneutralizing a leachate of said nickel oxide ore thereby to form zincsulfide, and said zinc sulfide is separated to obtain a mother liquorcontaining nickel and cobalt for nickel recovery, the dezincificationplant comprising: a dezincification reaction tank configured to formzinc sulfide by applying a sulfurization treatment to theabove-mentioned post-neutralization solution and form a mother liquorcontaining said zinc sulfide for nickel recovery; a filter apparatusconfigured to separate out the above-mentioned zinc sulfide and theabove-mentioned mother liquor for nickel recovery; and a storage tankconfigured to temporarily store the above-mentioned mother liquorcontaining the zinc sulfide for nickel recovery while to provide flowpiping coupled to transfer piping connected to the above-mentionedfilter apparatus, thereby transferring said mother liquor containing thezinc sulfide for nickel recovery to said filter apparatus, wherein thedezincification plant is configured such that the above-mentioned flowpiping installed in the above-mentioned storage tank is coupled tocirculation piping at a coupling portion to the above-mentioned transferpiping, and thereby branched, and a switching valve is provided to saidbranch point, furthermore, a measurement portion to measure the flowrate and/or the temperature of a solution flowing through said flowpiping is provided to the above-mentioned flow piping, and, in thestart-up of the dezincification plant after completion of a periodicinspection thereof, at the time of starting the start-up, withoutapplying a sulfurization treatment to the above-mentionedpost-neutralization solution, said post-neutralization solution iscontrolled by adjustment of the above-mentioned switching valve, therebybeing circulated to the above-mentioned dezincification reaction tankvia the above-mentioned circulation piping coupled to the flow piping ofthe above-mentioned storage tank, and, when the flow rate and/or thetemperature of the post-neutralization solution circulated reaches apredetermined value or more, a sulfurization treatment is applied to thepost-neutralization solution in the dezincification reaction tankthereby to produce a mother liquor containing zinc sulfide for nickelrecovery, and said mother liquor containing zinc sulfide for nickelrecovery is transferred to the above-mentioned filter apparatus via theabove-mentioned flow piping by adjustment of the above-mentionedswitching valve.

A method for operating a dezincification plant according to the presentinvention is a method for operating a dezincification plant used in ahydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore, the dezincification stepbeing such that a sulfurization treatment is applied to apost-neutralization solution obtained through a neutralization step ofneutralizing a leachate of said nickel oxide ore thereby to form zincsulfide, and said zinc sulfide is separated to obtain a mother liquorfor nickel recovery, the mother liquor containing nickel and cobalt, thedezincification plant comprising: a dezincification reaction tankconfigured to form zinc sulfide by applying a sulfurization treatment tothe above-mentioned post-neutralization solution and produce a motherliquor for nickel recovery, the mother liquor containing said zincsulfide; a filter apparatus configured to separate the above-mentionedzinc sulfide and the above-mentioned mother liquor for nickel recovery;and a storage tank configured to temporarily store the above-mentionedmother liquor for nickel recovery containing zinc sulfide while toinstall flow piping coupled to transfer piping connected to theabove-mentioned filter apparatus, thereby transferring said motherliquor for nickel recovery containing zinc sulfide to said filterapparatus, wherein the above-mentioned flow piping installed in theabove-mentioned storage tank is coupled to circulation piping at acoupling portion to the above-mentioned transfer piping, and therebybranched, and a switching valve is installed at said branch point, andfurthermore, a measurement portion to measure the flow rate and/or thetemperature of a solution flowing through said flow piping is installedin the above-mentioned flow piping, and, in the start-up of thedezincification plant after completion of a periodic inspection, at thetime of starting the start-up, without applying a sulfurizationtreatment to the above-mentioned post-neutralization solution, saidpost-neutralization solution is controlled by adjustment of theabove-mentioned switching valve thereby to be circulated to theabove-mentioned dezincification reaction tank via the above-mentionedcirculation piping coupled to the flow piping of the above-mentionedstorage tank, and, when the flow rate and/or the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution circulated reaches a predetermined value ormore, a sulfurization treatment is applied to the post-neutralizationsolution in the dezincification reaction tank thereby to form azinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery, and saidzinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery is transferredto the above-mentioned filter apparatus via the above-mentioned flowpiping by adjustment of the above-mentioned switching valve.

A hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore according to thepresent invention comprises: a neutralization step of neutralizing aleachate obtained by leaching nickel oxide ore, thereby obtaining aneutralized precipitate containing an impurity and a post-neutralizationsolution containing zinc as well as nickel and cobalt; and adezincification step of applying a sulfurization treatment to saidpost-neutralization solution thereby to form zinc sulfide and separatingsaid zinc sulfide thereby to obtain a mother liquor containing nickeland cobalt for nickel recovery, wherein a dezincification plantperforming a dezincification treatment in the above-mentioneddezincification step comprises: a dezincification reaction tankconfigured to form zinc sulfide by applying a sulfurization treatment tothe above-mentioned post-neutralization solution and form a motherliquor for nickel recovery, the mother liquor containing said zincsulfide; a filter apparatus configured to separate the above-mentionedzinc sulfide and the above-mentioned mother liquor for nickel recovery;and a storage tank configured to temporarily store the above-mentionedmother liquor for nickel recovery containing the zinc sulfide while totransfer said mother liquor for nickel recovery containing the zincsulfide to the above-mentioned filter apparatus by installed flow pipingcoupled to transfer piping connected to said filter apparatus, whereinthe above-mentioned flow piping installed in the above-mentioned storagetank is coupled to circulation piping at a coupling portion to theabove-mentioned transfer piping and branched, and a switching valve isinstalled at said branch point, wherein furthermore, a measurementportion to measure the flow rate and/or the temperature of a solutionflowing through said flow piping is installed in the above-mentionedflow piping, and wherein, in the dezincification plant in theabove-mentioned dezincification step, when the dezincification plant isstarted up after the completion of a periodic inspection, at the time ofstarting the start-up, without applying a sulfurization treatment to theabove-mentioned post-neutralization solution, said post-neutralizationsolution is controlled to be circulated to the above-mentioneddezincification reaction tank via the above-mentioned circulation pipingcoupled to the flow piping of the above-mentioned storage tank byadjustment of the above-mentioned switching valve, and when the flowrate and/or the temperature of the post-neutralization solutioncirculated reaches a predetermined value or more, a sulfurizationtreatment is applied to the post-neutralization solution in thedezincification reaction tank thereby to form a zinc-sulfide-containingmother liquor for nickel recovery, and said zinc-sulfide-containingmother liquor for nickel recovery is transferred to the above-mentionedfilter apparatus via the above-mentioned transfer piping by adjustmentof the above-mentioned switching valve.

EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, in the start-up of a plant after thecompletion of a periodic inspection thereof in hydrometallurgy of nickeloxide ore, the flow rate and the temperature of process water in adezincification treatment step can be properly controlled, whereby theplant start-up can be efficiently performed and the amount of residualzinc in a post-dezincification solution can be effectively reduced.Furthermore, a load on a filter cloth used for separation of zincsulfide can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a hydrometallurgical method for nickeloxide ore.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a neutralization plant.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a neutralization method.

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a dezincification plant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, a dezincification plant and a method for operating the sameaccording to the present invention will be explained. It should be notedthat the explanation will be given in the following order.

1. Summary of the present invention

2. Hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore

3. Each step of hydrometallurgical method

-   -   3-1. Leaching step    -   3-2. Solid-liquid separation step    -   3-3. Neutralization step        -   3-3-1. Neutralization plant        -   3-3-2. Neutralization method        -   3-3-3. Flow rate control of post-neutralization solution    -   3-4. Dezincification step        -   3-4-1. Dezincification plant        -   3-4-2. Operating method of dezincification plant    -   3-5. Nickel recovery step (nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formation        step)

4. Examples

1. SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

A dezincification plant and a method for operating the same according tothe present invention are a dezincification plant used in ahydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore, and a method foroperating the same, respectively, the dezincification step being suchthat a sulfurization treatment is applied to a post-neutralizationsolution obtained through a neutralization step of neutralizing aleachate of nickel oxide ore thereby to form zinc sulfide, and said zincsulfide is separated to obtain a mother liquor containing nickel andcobalt for nickel recovery.

According to the above-mentioned dezincification plant and theabove-mentioned method for operating the same, the start-up of a plantafter a periodic inspection thereof can be smoothly performed, the plantcan be stabilized at a usual operation level in a short time, and adezincification treatment in the dezincification step can be effectivelyperformed, whereby the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor fornickel recovery (post-dezincification reaction solution) can beeffectively reduced even to a low concentration of not more than 1 mg/L.Furthermore, in the solid-liquid separation of a dezincificated sulfideformed in the dezincification step of the hydrometallurgical method, aload on a filter cloth used for separation can be reduced, whereby thelifespan of the filter cloth can be improved.

Specifically, according to the present invention, at the time ofstarting the start-up of a dezincification plant used in adezincification step after the completion of a periodic inspectionthereof, without application of a sulfurization treatment(dezincification treatment) to a transferred post-neutralizationsolution, said post-neutralization solution is returned to adezincification reaction tank via circulation piping, and circulated.The post-neutralization solution is thus controlled to be circulated,whereby the flow rate and the temperature of the post-neutralizationsolution, which have been lowered at the time of the start-up, can beappropriately adjusted, and a sulfurization treatment in thedezincification reaction tank is effectively proceeded, whereby theconcentration of zinc contained in a mother liquor for nickel recovery(post-dezincification solution) can be reduced to not more than 1 mg/L.Thus, zinc as an impurity is hardly contained in a nickel-cobalt mixedsulfide formed in the nickel recovery step, which follows thedezincification step, and a sulfide with high purity can be produced.

Hereinafter, a specific embodiment according to the present inventionwill be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Itshould be noted that the present invention is not limited only to thefollowing embodiment, and various changes can be made within the scopenot deviating from the gist of the present invention.

2. HYDROMETALLURGICAL METHOD FOR NICKEL OXIDE ORE

In advance of an explanation about a dezincification plant and a methodfor operating the same according to the present embodiment, anexplanation about a hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide oreincluding a dezincification step employing said dezincification plantwill be given first. This hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide oreis a hydrometallurgical method of recovering nickel and cobalt from aslurry of nickel oxide ore, using, for example, a high-temperature andhigh-pressure acid leaching method (HPAL method).

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a flowchart of the hydrometallurgicalmethod using high-temperature and high-pressure acid leaching of nickeloxide ore. As shown in FIG. 1, the hydrometallurgical method for nickeloxide ore comprises: a leaching step S1 wherein sulfuric acid is addedto a slurry of nickel oxide ore and the slurry is leached under hightemperature and high pressure; a solid-liquid separation step S2 whereinmultistage washing is applied to a leached slurry to separate a residue,whereby a leachate containing an impurity element as well as nickel andcobalt is obtained; a neutralization step S3 wherein the pH of theleachate is adjusted to separate a neutralized precipitate containing animpurity element therefrom, whereby a post-neutralization solutioncontaining zinc as well as nickel and cobalt is obtained; adezincification step S4 wherein hydrogen sulfide gas is added to thepost-neutralization solution thereby to form zinc sulfide, and the zincsulfide is separated therefrom thereby to obtain a mother liquor fornickel recovery, the mother liquor containing nickel and cobalt; and anickel recovery step S5 wherein hydrogen sulfide gas is added to themother liquor for nickel recovery thereby to form a mixed sulfidecontaining nickel and cobalt. Hereinafter, each of the steps will bespecifically explained.

3. EACH STEP OF HYDROMETALLURGICAL METHOD 3-1. Leaching Step

In the leaching step S1, for example, using high-temperature andhigh-pressure leaching, sulfuric acid is added to an ore slurry obtainedby pulverizing a nickel oxide ore serving as a raw material, whereby aleached slurry is obtained. Specifically, using, for example, a hightemperature pressurizing vessel (autoclave), the ore slurry is stirredby pressurization under a high temperature of 220 to 280 degrees C.,whereby a leached slurry comprising a leachate and a leach residue isformed.

Laterite ore, such as limonite ore or saprolite ore, is mainly used asthe nickel oxide ore in the leaching step S1. The nickel content oflaterite ore is usually 0.8 to 2.5% by weight, and the nickel iscontained as a hydroxide or a magnesium silicate mineral. Furthermore,the iron content of laterite ore is 10 to 50% by weight, and the iron ismainly in the form of trivalent hydroxide (goethite), but, divalent ironis partially contained in the magnesium silicate mineral. Furthermore,besides such laterite ore, oxide ore containing valuable metals, such asnickel, cobalt, manganese, and copper, for example, manganese lumppresent in the deep seabed is used in the leaching step S1.

Specifically, in the leaching step S1, leaching reactions andhigh-temperature hydrolysis reactions which are represented by thefollowing formulas (1) to (5) are caused, whereby sulfate containingnickel, cobalt, or the like is leached out and leached-out iron sulfateis fixed as hematite. It should be noted that, since the fixation ofiron ions does not completely proceed, divalent and trivalent iron ionsas well as nickel, cobalt, and the like are usually contained in aliquid portion of the obtained leached slurry.

Leaching Reaction

MO+H₂SO₄→MSO₄+H₂O  (1)

(wherein M represents Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Cr, Mn, or the like.)

2Fe(OH)₃+3H₂SO₄→Fe₂(SO₄)₃+6H₂O  (2)

FeO+H₂SO₄→FeSO₄+H₂O  (3)

High-Temperature Hydrolysis Reaction

2FeSO₄+H₂SO₄+1/2O₂→Fe₂(SO₄)₃+H₂O  (4)

Fe₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂O→Fe₂O₃+3H₂SO₄  (5)

The amount of sulfuric acid added in the leaching step S1 is notparticularly limited, but an excessive amount enough to leach ironcontained in the ore is employed. For example, 300 to 400 kg of sulfuricacid is added per ton of ore. If the amount of sulfuric acid added perton of ore exceeds 400 kg, sulfuric acid cost becomes higher, which isnot preferable.

It should be noted that, from a viewpoint of filterability of a leachresidue containing hematite formed in the subsequent solid-liquidseparation step S2, adjustment is preferably performed in the leachingstep S1 so that a leachate obtained has a pH of 0.1 to 1.0.

3-2. Solid-Liquid Separation Step

In the solid-liquid separation step S2, multistage washing is applied tothe leached slurry formed in the leaching step S1, whereby a leachatecontaining zinc as an impurity element as well as nickel and cobalt anda leach residue are obtained.

Specifically, in the solid-liquid separation step S2, the leached slurryis mixed with a washing liquid, and then solid-liquid is separated byusing a solid-liquid separation apparatus, such as a thickeningapparatus. First, the slurry is diluted by a washing liquid, and then,the leach residue is condensed as a precipitate in a thickeningapparatus. Thus, the amount of nickel adhering to the leach residue canbe decreased depending on the degree of the dilution. In actualoperations, thickening apparatuses having such function aremultistage-connected and used, thereby improving a recovery rate.

The multistage washing in the solid-liquid separation step S2 is notparticularly limited, but there is preferably used a counter currentdecantation method (CCD method) to bring a washing liquid containing nonickel into contact with a counter current. Thus, a washing liquid to benewly introduced in a system can be cut down, while the recovery ratesof nickel and cobalt of not less than 95% can be achieved.

The washing liquid is not particularly limited, and a washing liquidwhich does not contain nickel and does not affect the step may be used.Among such kinds of washing liquid, a washing liquid having a pH of 1 to3 is preferable. This is because, in the case where aluminum iscontained in a leachate, a high pH of a washing liquid causes a largeamount of aluminum hydroxide to be formed, thereby leading to poorsedimentation of a leach residue inside a thickening apparatus. Thus, asa washing liquid, a barren solution obtained by the nickel recovery stepS5 as a following step and having a low pH (pH of approximately 1 to 3)is preferably repeatedly used.

3-3. Neutralization Step

In the neutralization step S3, the pH of the leachate separated in thesolid-liquid separation step S2 is adjusted to separate a neutralizedprecipitate containing an impurity element therefrom, whereby apost-neutralization solution containing zinc as well as nickel andcobalt is obtained.

Specifically, in the neutralization step S3, while oxidation of theseparated leachate is controlled, a neutralizer such as calciumcarbonate is added to said leachate so that a post-neutralizationsolution obtained has a pH of not more than 4, whereby thepost-neutralization solution to serve as a mother liquor for nickelrecover and a neutralized precipitate slurry containing trivalent ironas an impurity element are formed. Such neutralization of the leachatein the neutralization step S3 allows excessive acid used in the leachingstep S1 by high temperature and high pressure acid leaching to beneutralized, whereby a post-neutralization solution to serve as a motherliquor for nickel recovery is formed while trivalent iron ions, aluminumions, and the like, which remain in the solution, are removed asneutralized precipitates.

<3-3-1. Neutralization Plant>

More specifically, a neutralization method performed in theneutralization step S3 and a neutralization plant which is employed toperform said neutralization method will be explained.

First, the neutralization plant to be employed in the neutralizationstep S3 will be explained. FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagramshowing a configuration of a neutralization plant. As shown in this FIG.2, a neutralization plant 10 comprises a neutralization reaction tank 11configured to perform a neutralization reaction, a separation treatmenttank 12 configured to separate into a neutralized precipitate and apost-neutralization solution, a storage tank 13 configured totemporarily store the separated post-neutralization solution, and aviscosity measurement portion 14 configured to measure the viscosity ofthe post-neutralization solution.

The leachate separated in the above-mentioned solid-liquid separationstep S2 is fed into the neutralization reaction tank 11, and aneutralizer is added to said leachate thereby to perform aneutralization reaction.

The separation treatment tank 12 is a solid-liquid separation apparatus,such as a thickening apparatus. A post-neutralization-reaction slurryformed by the neutralization reaction of the leachate in theneutralization reaction tank 11 is transferred and fed into saidseparation treatment tank 12, and said slurry is separated into apost-neutralization solution which is to serve as a mother liquor fornickel recovery and a neutralized precipitate shiny containing trivalentiron as an impurity element. In the separation treatment tank 12, thepost-neutralization solution obtained by the solid-liquid separationoverflows to be transferred to a storage tank, meanwhile the neutralizedprecipitate slurry is extracted from the bottom of the separationtreatment tank 12. It should be noted that the neutralized precipitateslurry extracted from the bottom of the separation treatment tank 12 canbe suitably repeatedly returned to the solid-liquid separation step S2.

The storage tank 13 is configured so that the post-neutralizationsolution separated in the separation treatment tank 12 and transferredis fed thereinto, and the post-neutralization solution is temporarilystored before being transferred to the dezincification step S4, whichfollows the neutralization step S3. The storage tank 13, whose detailswill be described later, acts as a viscosity adjustment buffer capableof reducing the viscosity of the post-neutralization solution obtainedby the solid-liquid separation in the separation treatment tank 12.

The storage tank 13 is not particularly limited, but a storage tankhaving a volume equivalent to not less than 3-hour's reserve volume withrespect to the flow rate of the post-neutralization solution ispreferable. Such storage tank allows a residence time of thepost-neutralization solution in the storage tank 13 to be longer and thepost-neutralization solution to effectively stay therein.

Furthermore, in the storage tank 13, there is provided flow piping 15configured to send the stored post-neutralization solution to thedezincification step S4, which follows the neutralization step S3. Theflow piping 15 is to transport the post-neutralization solution storedin the storage tank 13 by a flow pump 16. The flow piping 15 is branchedat a predetermined point 17 wherein transfer piping 18 and circulationpiping 19 each are coupled thereto, the transfer piping 18 beingconfigured to transfer the post-neutralization solution stored in thestorage tank 13 to a dezincification reaction tank 31 for adezincification treatment of the next step, while the circulation piping19 being configured to repeatedly return the post-neutralizationsolution to the neutralization reaction tank 11 thereby to circulate thepost-neutralization solution. Furthermore, a switching valve 20 isinstalled at the branch point 17 wherein the transfer piping 18 and thecirculation piping 19 are coupled, whereby the ratio of thepost-neutralization solution transferred via the flow piping 15 can beadjusted by switching. A method for transporting the post-neutralizationsolution from the storage tank 13 via the flow piping 15 will beexplained in detail later.

Furthermore, a heat exchanger, not illustrated, is installed in thecirculation piping 19 coupled to the flow piping 15, whereby, as will bedescribed in detail later, the post-neutralization solution which iscirculated to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predeterminedquantity ratio can be heated.

The viscosity measurement portion 14 is to measure the viscosity of thepost-neutralization solution separated in the separation treatment tank12 and transferred to the storage tank 13. The viscosity measurementportion 14 is not particularly limited, but, for example, a granulometeror the like may be installed in piping, a flow path, or the like, on theway from the overflow of the post-neutralization solution from theseparation treatment tank 12 to the transfer thereof to the storage tank13. Alternatively, a granulometer, a particle size measuring apparatus,or the like may be integrally installed in the separation treatment tank12 thereby to measure the viscosity of the post-neutralization solution,which is supernatant liquid after the solid-liquid separation in theseparation treatment tank 12. Alternatively, the viscosity measurementportion 14 may be configured to measure the viscosity of thepost-neutralization solution temporarily stored in the storage tank 13.

<3-3-2. Neutralization Method>

Next, a neutralization method in the neutralization step S3 performedusing the neutralization treatment plant 10 having the above-mentionedconfiguration will be explained.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a flowchart of the neutralizationmethod in the neutralization step S3. As shown in FIG. 3, theneutralization method comprises: a neutralization reaction step S31 ofperforming a neutralization reaction, in the neutralization reactiontank 11, of a leachate obtained through the solid-liquid separation stepS2; a separation step S32 of adding a flocculant to a slurry obtainedafter the neutralization reaction in the separation treatment tank 12,thereby separating into a neutralized precipitate and apost-neutralization solution; a viscosity measurement step S33 ofmeasuring the viscosity of the post-neutralization solution obtainedthrough the separation step S32 in the viscosity measurement portion 14;a storage step S34 of temporarily storing the post-neutralizationsolution in the storage tank 13; and a flowing step S35 of transportingthe stored post-neutralization solution.

(Neutralization Reaction Step)

In the neutralization reaction step S31, a neutralization reaction isperformed in the neutralization reaction tank 11 of the above-mentionedneutralization plant 10 by adding a neutralizer to the leachate fed in.Specifically, in the neutralization reaction step S31, while oxidationof the leachate is inhibited, a neutralizer such as calcium carbonate isadded to said leachate so that a post-neutralization solution obtainedhas a pH of not more than 4, whereby the post-neutralization solution toserve as a mother liquor for nickel recover and a neutralizedprecipitate slurry containing trivalent iron are formed.

In the neutralization reaction step S31, as mentioned above, aneutralizer is added to the leachate so that the pH of thepost-neutralization solution is adjusted to not more than 4, preferably3.0 to 3.5, more preferably 3.1 to 3.2. In the case where thepost-neutralization solution has a pH of more than 4, a larger amount ofnickel hydroxide is formed.

Furthermore, in the neutralization reaction step S31, a suspended solidcomprising a neutralized precipitate and a leach residue obtained in theleaching step S1 is preferably made to remain in the post-neutralizationsolution so that said post-neutralization solution (sulfurizationstarting solution), which is to be transferred to a dezincificationreaction tank 31 for the dezincification step S4 following theneutralization step S3, has a turbidity of 100 to 400 NTU. Thus, thesuspended solid is made to remain, thereby adjusting the turbidity ofthe post-neutralization solution to the above-mentioned range, wherebythe filterability of dezincification sulfide to be formed in thedezincification step S4 as the next step can be further improved.

Furthermore, in the neutralization reaction of the neutralizationreaction step S31, when trivalent iron ions remaining in the solutionare removed, it is preferable not to oxidize iron ions which are presentas divalent ions in the solution. Therefore, oxidation of the solution,for example, by blowing-in of air is preferably prevented as much aspossible. Thus, an increase in the amount of calcium carbonate consumedand an increase in the amount of the neutralized precipitate slurryformed, each of which accompanies the removal of divalent iron, can bethus controlled. That is, recovery loss of nickel contained in theprecipitate due to an increase in the amount of the neutralizedprecipitate slurry can be controlled.

The temperature of the neutralization reaction in the neutralizationreaction step S31 is preferably 50 to 80 degrees C. When the reactiontemperature is less than 50 degrees C., the neutralized precipitatecontaining trivalent iron ions to be formed becomes minute, whereby anadverse effect is brought in the solid-liquid separation step S2 whereinthe neutralized precipitate is circulated as needed. On the other hand,when the reaction temperature is more than 80 degrees C., a decrease incorrosion resistance of apparatus materials constituting theneutralization reaction tank 11 and an increase in energy cost forheating are caused.

(Separation Step)

In the separation step S32, in the separation treatment tank 12 of theabove-mentioned neutralization plant 10, thepost-neutralization-reaction slurry obtained through the neutralizationreaction step S31 is separated into a post-neutralization solution toserve as a mother liquor for nickel recovery and a neutralizedprecipitate containing an impurity element.

In the separation step S32, a flocculant is added to thepost-neutralization-reaction slurry, whereby the slurry it separatedinto the post-neutralization solution and the neutralized precipitate.Specifically, as the flocculant, for example, an anionic flocculant isused. Thus, addition of a flocculant for the separation allows thesedimentation property of the formed precipitate comprising an impurityelement to be promoted, whereby a minute floating precipitate(hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “SS”) can be inhibited from beingcontained in overflow liquid, and the post-neutralization solution andthe neutralized precipitate can be effectively separated.

Furthermore, in the separation step S32, the separated neutralizedprecipitate slurry may be repeatedly transferred to the above-mentionedsolid-liquid separation step S2 as needed. Thus, nickel contained in theneutralized precipitate slurry can be effectively recovered.Specifically, the neutralized precipitate slurry is repeatedlytransferred to the solid-liquid separation step S2 operated under a lowpH condition, whereby the leach residue is washed, and at the same time,the dissolution of nickel hydroxide formed by a local reaction betweenthe neutralized precipitate and water adhering thereto on the surface ofthe neutralized precipitate is promoted, and thus the amount of nickelto be recovery loss can be reduced.

Moreover, as mentioned later in detail, the operation of repeatedlytransferring the separated neutralized precipitate slurry to thesolid-liquid separation step S2 can be made to be performed only whenthe viscosity of the post-neutralization solution is judged to be largerthan a predetermined value. Thus, a post-neutralization solution withhigh viscosity can be prevented from being transferred to adezincification plant 30 used in the dezincification step S4 as the nextstep, whereby the filterability in solid-liquid separation in thedezincification step S4 can be improved.

(Viscosity Measurement Step)

In the viscosity measurement step S33, the viscosity of thepost-neutralization solution obtained through the separation step S32 ismeasured in the viscosity measurement portion 14 of the above-mentionedneutralization plant 10. As mentioned above, the viscosity measurementof the post-neutralization solution is performed, for example, bymeasuring the viscosity of supernatant liquid (overflow liquid) in theseparation treatment tank 12. Another aspect of the viscositymeasurement may be such that, with this viscosity measurement step beingarranged as a following step of the storage step, the viscosity of apost-neutralization solution temporarily stored in the storage tank 13is measured.

Furthermore, the viscosity measuring method in the viscosity measurementstep S33 is not particularly limited as long as the method is capable ofmeasuring the viscosity of a post-neutralization solution in the form offluid, and a well-known method may be employed, but, from a viewpoint ofoperation management, a simplified and short-time method is preferable.Furthermore, it may be beneficial that, without calculating a specificviscosity value of a post-neutralization solution, the viscosity thereofis analyzed by calculating an alternative characteristic of theviscosity. Specifically, there may be employed a method wherein, forexample, the time required for a post-neutralization solution to passthrough a predetermined filter is measured, and this pass-through timeis regarded as an alternative characteristic of the viscosity of thepost-neutralization solution and controlled.

Among the methods, the present embodiment employs a method for viscosityevaluation wherein the time (sec/cm²·mL) required for 50 mL of apost-neutralization solution (supernatant liquid) to pass through amembrane filter having an opening of 0.45 μm is used for viscositymeasurement.

In the present embodiment, it is judged whether or not the viscosity ofthe post-neutralization solution measured in this viscosity measurementstep S33 is more than 0.10 sec/cm²·mL. Then, the transfer of thepost-neutralization solution is controlled based on the measurementresults of the viscosity. The details will be mentioned later.

(Storage Step)

In the storage step S34, the post-neutralization solution obtained bythe separation in the separation step S32 and having undergone theviscosity measurement in the viscosity measurement step S33 istemporarily stored in the storage tank 13 of the above-mentionedneutralization plant 10.

(Flowing Step)

In the flowing step S35, the post-neutralization solution stored in thestorage tank 13 in the storage step S34 is flowed. In this flowing stepS35, mainly, the post-neutralization solution stored in the storage tank13 is transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in thedezincification step S4 following the neutralization step S3.Specifically, the transfer of the post-neutralization solution to thedezincification reaction tank 31 is performed via the flow piping 15installed in the storage tank 13 and then by making thepost-neutralization solution pass through the transfer piping coupled tothe flow piping 15.

Furthermore, in this flowing step S35, depending on the measurementresult of the viscosity of the post-neutralization solution in theviscosity measurement step S33, the flow rate of the post-neutralizationsolution transferred via the flow piping 15 and the transfer piping 18coupled to said flow piping 15 is controlled and, thepost-neutralization solution is returned at a predetermined quantityratio to the neutralization reaction tank 11 via the circulation piping19 branched from and coupled to the flow piping 15, and circulated.

<3-3-3. Flow Rate Control of Post-Neutralization Solution>

Here, in the neutralization step S3 of the prior arts, when a slurryobtained by neutralizing a leachate is solid-liquid separated into apost-neutralization solution and a neutralized precipitate, a flocculantis added to the slurry. Thus, the amount of SS can be reduced and alsothe post-neutralization solution and the neutralized precipitate can beeffectively separated.

However, in the case where a flocculant is thus added to perform theseparation, the flocculant leads the viscosity of the obtainedpost-neutralization solution to be very high. In the dezincificationstep S4 as the next step, a sulfurization treatment is applied to thepost-neutralization solution transferred from the neutralization stepS3, and, in the case where a post-neutralization solution with highviscosity is used here, at the time of solid-liquid separation of adezincification sulfide precipitate formed by the sulfurizationtreatment and a mother liquor for nickel recovery, a filter cloth isclogged up, whereby filtration velocity is remarkably reduced.Furthermore, the filter cloth clogging up causes the number of times ofwashing or the like to be increased, thereby reducing operationefficiency, and also causing the lifespan of the filter cloth to beshortened.

Therefore, in this neutralization method, the viscosity of thepost-neutralization solution obtained through the neutralizationtreatment in the viscosity measurement step S33 is measured, and then itis judged whether or not the measured viscosity is more than apredetermined value. Specifically, a judgment is made using whether ornot the time (sec/cm²·mL) required for 50 mL of the post-neutralizationsolution to pass through a membrane filter having an opening of 0.45 μmis more than 0.10 sec/cm²·mL, as a viscosity criterion of apost-neutralization solution. Then, in the case where the viscosity isjudged to be more than 0.10 sec/cm²·mL, in the flowing step S35, theflow rate of the post-neutralization solution to be transferred to thedezincification reaction tank 31 in the dezincification step S4 iscontrolled, whereby the post-neutralization solution is made to bereturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predeterminedquantity ratio and circulated.

In the case where the viscosity of a post-neutralization solution isjudged to be more than 0.10 sec/cm²·mL under the above-mentionedviscosity criterion, the flow rate ratio of the post-neutralizationsolution to be controlled in the flowing step S35 is not particularlylimited. A specific flow rate ratio may be determined depending on thelevel of the viscosity of a post-neutralization solution measured in theviscosity measurement step S33, or the like, but, it is preferable thatthe flow rate of a post-neutralization solution to pass through thetransfer piping 18 via the flow piping 15 and transfer to thedezincification reaction tank 31 is set to 60% to 80% of the full flow,meanwhile the flow rate of a post-neutralization solution to passthrough the circulation piping 19 via the flow piping 15 and return tothe neutralization reaction tank to circulate is set to 20% to 40% ofthe full flow. In the case where the flow rate of a post-neutralizationsolution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 is set toless than 60%, there is a possibility that the operation efficiency of aplant as a whole is decreased, on the other hand, in the case where theflow rate of a post-neutralization solution with high viscositytransferred thereto is more than 80%, there is a possibility that aneffect on the life extension of a filter cloth is not sufficientlyachieved.

Thus, the flow rate of a post-neutralization solution to be transferredto the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the next step is controlledbased on the result of viscosity measurement of the post-neutralizationsolution, and the post-neutralization solution is repeatedly returned tothe neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predetermined quantity ratioand circulated, whereby a post-neutralization solution with highviscosity can be prevented from being transferred to the dezincificationreaction tank 31.

Furthermore, in the neutralization method, the post-neutralizationsolution obtained from the separation treatment tank 12 through theseparation step S32 is temporarily stored in the storage tank 13 in thestorage step S34. The separated post-neutralization solution is thustemporarily stored in the storage tank 13 without being directlytransferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 of the next step,whereby the post-neutralization solution can stay in the storage tank13. Then, a post-neutralization solution having a high viscosity andreturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predetermined flowrate ratio and circulated is made to stay in the storage tank 13, andthe post-neutralization solution is mixed in proportion to the residencetime, and therefore the viscosity thereof is effectively reduced. Thatis, the storage tank 13 which stores a post-neutralization solution inthe storage step S34 acts as a buffer in terms of viscosity.

Particularly, in the case where a post-neutralization solution isreturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predeterminedquantity ratio and circulated in the flowing step S35, addition of aflocculant in the separation step S32 is preferably stopped. Asmentioned above, in the case where a post-neutralization solution withhigh viscosity is circulated at a predetermined quantity ratio, if theaddition of a flocculant in the separation step S32 is stopped, apost-neutralization solution obtained through the neutralizationreaction step S31 and the separation step S32 is made to contain only aflocculant derived from the returned post-neutralization solution. Thus,such post-neutralization solution containing a less amount of flocculantoverflows from the separation treatment tank 12 and is transferred tothe storage tank 13, and also stays in said storage tank 13, andtherefore the post-neutralization solution is effectively mixed in andthe viscosity thereof can be more effectively reduced.

On the other hand, in the case where the post-neutralization solution isreturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predeterminedquantity ratio and circulated, if the addition of a flocculant in theseparation step S32 is stopped, the aggregation effect of a neutralizedprecipitate is reduced. Thus, a neutralized precipitate not sufficientlyaggregating is mixed in overflow liquid to serve as apost-neutralization solution, whereby the overflow liquid becomescloudy. Then, the transfer of the post-neutralization solution, thecloudy overflow liquid, to the dezincification step S4 causes a filtercloth to be clogged up at the time of separation of zinc sulfide and amother liquor for nickel recovery, whereby a fault of shortening thelifespan of a filter cloth might be rather caused. However, in thepresent embodiment, a post-neutralization solution is temporarily storedusing the storage tank 13 in the storage step S34, and the time for apost-neutralization solution to stay in the storage tank 13 is secured,and therefore most of a neutralized precipitate as a cause of thecloudiness precipitates at the bottom of the storage tank 13. Hence, theneutralized precipitate as a cause of the cloudiness can be preventedfrom being transferred to the dezincification step S4, whereby theabove-mentioned fault is not caused.

Furthermore, in the case where the post-neutralization solution isreturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at a predeterminedquantity ratio and circulated, without stopping the addition of aflocculant in the separation step S32, the amount of a flocculant to beadded may be adjusted based on the flow rate of the post-neutralizationsolution to be circulated. In the case where the addition of aflocculant is not stopped, the total amount of a flocculant contained ina post-neutralization solution is “(amount of a flocculant newlyadded)+(amount of a flocculant in a circulated post-neutralizationsolution)”. For example, in the case where only a small amount of aflocculant is contained in a circulated post-neutralization solution, inconsideration of the flow rate of said circulated post-neutralizationsolution, the amount of a flocculant newly added may be adjusted to beequivalent to ½ or ⅓ of a usual amount. Thus, a reduction in aggregationeffect in the separation step S32 can be inhibited, and in addition, theviscosity of a post-neutralization solution can be reduced. Suchadjustment of the amount of a flocculant added can be more easilyperformed by the calculation of the amount of a flocculant contained ina circulated post-neutralization solution.

It should be noted that, in the case where the post-neutralizationsolution is returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at apredetermined quantity ratio and circulated, based on the length of theresidence time gained in proportion to the volume of the storage tank13, it may be selected whether addition of a flocculant in theseparation step S32 is stopped or the amount of an flocculant to beadded is adjusted. That is, in the case where the volume of the storagetank 13 is large enough to gain a sufficient residence time, it isbeneficial to choose the method of adjusting the amount of a flocculantto be added. On the other hand, in the case where the volume of thestorage tank 13 is not large enough, also in consideration ofoperational simplicity (viewpoint of fail-safe), there is preferablyestablished an across-the-board operation rule that the addition of aflocculant is stopped at the point when the viscosity of apost-neutralization solution becomes larger than a predetermined valuebecause the time and effort for calculation of the adjustment amount ofan additive can be saved and human errors on operation, such as an errorin agent additing operation, can be prevented.

As mentioned above, in the case where it is judged that the viscosity ofa post-neutralization solution is more than a predetermined value basedon the result of viscosity measurement of the post-neutralizationsolution, the flow rate of the post-neutralization solution transferredto the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the flowing step S35 iscontrolled, and the post-neutralization solution is returned to theneutralization reaction tank 11 at a predetermined quantity ratio andcirculated. Thus, the viscosity of a post-neutralization solution tooverflow the separation treatment tank 12 in the separation step S32 canbe gradually reduced.

Furthermore, after that, the viscosity of a post-neutralization solutionstored in the storage tank 13 continues to be similarly adjusted, and,when the viscosity thereof is sufficiently reduced and reaches not morethan a predetermined viscosity, the switching valve 20 installed in theflow piping 15 is adjusted in the flowing step S35, whereby thepost-neutralization solution stored in the storage tank 13 istransferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 of the next step,the dezincification step S4. At this time, simultaneously, the amount ofa flocculant to be added in the separation step S32 is reset to an usualamount.

Such control of the neutralization treatment in the neutralization stepS3 can prevent a post-neutralization solution with high viscosity frombeing transferred to the dezincification step S4 as the next step,whereby filterability at the time of the separation of zinc sulfideformed in the dezincification step S4 can be improved. Furthermore,clogging of a filter cloth is thus controlled and the lifespan of thefilter cloth can be extended. Moreover, the control of clogging of afilter cloth allows the frequency of filter cloth washing operation tobe effectively reduced, whereby efficient operation, including in termsof costs, is achieved. Specifically, the frequency of filter clothwashing operation can be reduced to approximately half the frequencythereof in the prior arts, while the lifespan of a filter cloth can beextended approximately 4 times the lifespan thereof in the prior arts.

It should be noted that, in the case where the viscosity of apost-neutralization solution is more than a predetermined value, inaddition to the above-mentioned operation of returning thepost-neutralization solution to the neutralization reaction tank 11 at apredetermined quantity ratio and circulating it, a neutralizedprecipitate slurry extracted and discharged from the bottom of theseparation treatment tank 12 is made to repeatedly undergo thesolid-liquid separation step S2, which is followed by the neutralizationstep S3. Particularly, in the case where the viscosity of a measuredpost-neutralization solution is more than 0.5 sec/cm²·mL on the basis ofthe above-mentioned viscosity criterion, it implies that saidpost-neutralization solution has a too high viscosity. If suchpost-neutralization solution is transferred to the dezincification plant31 and made to undergo the dezincification step S4, the filterability insolid-liquid separation is considerably impaired. Therefore, in the casewhere the viscosity of a measured post-neutralization solution is morethan 0.5 sec/cm²·mL on the basis of the above-mentioned viscositycriterion, in addition to the circulation control of thepost-neutralization solution, an operation of making a neutralizedprecipitate slurry repeatedly undergo the solid-liquid separation stepS2 is performed. Thus, the viscosity of the post-neutralization solutioncan be more effectively reduced.

In actual operations, due to human error (human operational error) orthe like, a too large amount of flocculant is sometimes fed in so that,even if a post-neutralization solution stays for a predetermined time inthe storage step S34, the viscosity thereof is not sufficientlydecreased. For example, before a post-neutralization solution staysenough to sufficiently decrease the viscosity thereof, more amount of apost-neutralization solution is stored in the storage tank 13 withrespect to the capacity of the storage tank 13, whereby sometimes afurther decrease in viscosity thereof cannot be achieved.

In such case, more amount of a neutralized precipitate separated in theseparation step S32 in the neutralization step S3 is made to repeatedlyundergo the multistage washing step in the solid-liquid separation stepS2. Thus, a liquid phase component with too high viscosity is made torepeatedly undergo the multistage washing step in the solid-liquidseparation step S2 together with the neutralized precipitate. The liquidphase component introduced to the solid-liquid separation step S2together with the neutralized precipitate is diluted by the multistagewashing, and therefore the viscosity thereof can be reduced.

3-4. Dezincification Step

In the dezincification step S4, hydrogen sulfide gas is added to apost-neutralization solution obtained through the neutralization step S3thereby to form zinc sulfide, and said zinc sulfide is separatedtherefrom to obtain a mother liquor for nickel recovery(post-dezincification solution), the mother liquor containing nickel andcobalt.

Specifically, for example, a post-neutralization solution containingzinc as well as nickel and cobalt is fed into a pressurized container,and hydrogen sulfide gas is blown into a gas phase thereof, whereby zincis selectively sulfurized with respect to nickel and cobalt, and thus,zinc sulfide and a mother liquor for nickel recovery are formed.

<3-4-1. Dezincification Plant>

Here, a dezincification plant to be employed in the dezincification stepS4 will be explained. FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of thedezincification plant. As shown in this FIG. 4, a dezincification plant30 comprises: a dezincification reaction tank 31 configured to blowhydrogen sulfide gas into a post-neutralization solution to perform asulfurization reaction; a storage tank 32 configured to temporarilystore a formed zinc sulfide and a mother liquor for nickel recoveryserving as a post-sulfurization solution; and a filter apparatus 33configured to separate and remove the zinc sulfide.

A post-neutralization solution obtained through the above-mentionedneutralization step S3 and transferred is fed into the dezincificationreaction tank 31, and hydrogen sulfide gas is added to thepost-neutralization solution to perform a sulfurization reaction. Inthis dezincification reaction tank 31, the addition of hydrogen sulfidegas allows the formation of zinc sulfide based on zinc contained in thepost-neutralization solution. Furthermore, a solution obtained after thesulfurization treatment in the dezincification reaction tank 31 does notcontain zinc and serves as a mother liquor for nickel recovery.

It should be noted that the zinc sulfide and the mother liquor fornickel recovery, which are formed in the dezincification reaction tank31, are transferred to the following storage tank 32 as they are.

The storage tank 32 is configured that the zinc sulfide obtained in thedezincification reaction tank 31 and the mother liquor for nickelrecovery, which is a post-sulfurization solution, are fed thereinto. Inthe storage tank 32, the zinc sulfide and the mother liquor for nickelrecovery are temporarily stored before the zinc sulfide and the motherliquor for nickel recovery are separated and the mother liquor fornickel recovery is transferred to the nickel recovery step S5 followingthe dezincification step S4. As mentioned later in detail, thepost-neutralization solution transported without undergoing asulfurization treatment in the dezincification reaction tank 31 isstored in the storage tank 32 at the time of the start-up of thedezincification plant 30.

Moreover, in the storage tank 32, flow piping 34 configured to transportzinc sulfide and the mother liquor for nickel recovery, each beingstored therein, is installed. The flow piping 34 transports the zincsulfide and the mother liquor for nickel recovery, each being stored inthe storage tank 32, to the filter apparatus 33, using a flow pump 35.The flow piping 34 branches out at a predetermined point 36, andtransfer piping 37 configured to transfer the mother liquor for nickelrecovery, containing zinc sulfide and being stored in the storage tank32, to the filter apparatus 33 and circulation piping 38 configured torepeatedly return a post-neutralization solution stored in the storagetank 32 to the dezincification reaction tank 31 and circulate saidpost-neutralization solution at the time of the start-up of thedezincification plant 30 each are coupled to the flow piping 34.Furthermore, a switching valve 39 is installed at the branch point 36(coupling portion) in which the transfer piping 37 and the circulationpiping 38 each are coupled, whereby the quantity ratio and timing of thetransfer to the filter apparatus 33 or the dezincification reaction tank31 via the flow piping 34 can be switched and adjusted. Furthermore, inthe flow piping 34, there is provided a measurement portion 40 capableof measuring the flow rate and/or the temperature of azinc-sulfide-containing transported mother liquor for nickel recovery ora circulated post-neutralization solution.

The filter apparatus 33 is composed of a filter cloth having apredetermined opening, and the like, and separates zinc sulfide and amother liquor for nickel recovery from a zinc-sulfide-containing motherliquor for nickel recovery transported through the transfer piping 37via the flow piping 34.

As mentioned above, in the neutralization plant 10 in the neutralizationstep S3, depending on the viscosity of a post-neutralization solutionobtained, the flow rate of the post-neutralization solution to betransferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 of thedezincification plant 30 is controlled, and therefore thepost-neutralization solution with high viscosity is effectivelyprevented from being transferred to the dezincification plant 30. Thus,in the filter apparatus 33 in the dezincification plant 30, clogging ofa filter cloth is reduced, whereby zinc sulfide can be separated andremoved with high filterability. Moreover, since clogging of a filtercloth is thus reduced in this filter apparatus 33, the lifespan of thefilter cloth can be extended and operation efficiency of hydrometallurgycan be improved.

<3-4-2. Operation Method of Dezincification Plant>

In plants used for operating hydrometallurgy, including theabove-mentioned dezincification plant 30, a periodic inspection forequipment is conducted. In the periodic inspection, sludge staying thebottoms of all of tanks in which process water is stored, such as areaction tank and a storage tank, piping, filters, and the like isremoved and cleaned away, and a broken part is replaced. Therefore, atthe time of the periodic inspection, at least, all of process water,such as a post-neutralization solution and a post-dezincificationsolution, are extracted from equipment to be subject to the inspection,whereby the equipment is made empty. Therefore, at the time of plantstart-up after the completion of the periodic inspection, thetemperatures of equipment and process water are decreased toapproximately the atmospheric temperature (for example, approximately 30degrees C.). Furthermore, the flow rate of the process water is alsogreatly decreased.

In prior arts, at the time of plant start-up after the completion of aperiodic inspection, it takes approximately one day (approximately 24hours) to bring the leaching step S1 to 100% operational status, theleaching step S1 being such that sulfuric acid is added to a slurry ofnickel oxide ore and leaching is performed under high temperature andhigh pressure. Therefore, the flow rate and the temperature of processwater are greatly unstable until a perfect operational status (usualoperation level) is achieved. Such unstable state of the flow rate andthe temperature particularly greatly affects the dezincification stepS4, and it is very difficult to blow hydrogen sulfide gas into theprocess water having a temperature and a flow rate in an unstable state,that is, a post-neutralization solution to be subject to a sulfurizationtreatment, and simultaneously add a suspended solid as a seed crystalthereto. This implies that zinc, an impurity, of high concentration isunwillingly mixed into a solution (a mother liquor for nickel recovery)obtained after a dezincification reaction by sulfurization.

Therefore, in prior arts, there has been taken a measure of addingexcessive hydrogen sulfide gas during approximately one day required forthe start-up after the periodic inspection in order to avoid zinc fromremaining in a mother liquor for nickel recovery formed in thedezincification step S4. However, in the above-mentioned case, there hasbeen a problem that the formed zinc sulfide has a very minute particlesize, whereby a heavy load is imposed on the above-mentioned filterapparatus 33, whereby the lifespan of a filter cloth constituting thefilter apparatus 33 is made shorter. Furthermore, waste of time due toreplacement of the filter cloth and recovery loss of a valuable metalcontained in a mother liquor for nickel recovery, the mother liquorbeing disposed of due to the above-mentioned replacement, have beencaused.

Therefore, in the dezincification plant 30 used in the dezincificationstep S4, when the dezincification plant starts up after the completionof a periodic inspection thereof, at the time of starting the start-up,without applying a sulfurization treatment to a post-neutralizationsolution in the dezincification reaction tank 31, the switching valve 39in the flow piping 34 installed in the storage tank 32 is adjusted,whereby the transferred post-neutralization solution is controlled to bereturned to the dezincification reaction tank 31 via the circulationpiping 38 and circulated.

Then, in the dezincification plant 30, the flow rate and/or thetemperature of a post-neutralization solution circulated is measured atthe measurement portion 40 installed in the flow piping 34, and, whenthe flow rate and/or the temperature of said post-neutralizationsolution reaches a predetermined value or more, a sulfurizationtreatment is applied to the post-neutralization solution in thedezincification reaction tank 31 thereby to form zinc sulfide, and amother liquor for nickel recovery containing said zinc sulfide(post-dezincification solution) is transferred to the filter apparatus33 via the transfer piping 37 by adjusting the switching valve 39.

Here, a predetermined standard value of the flow rate of a circulatedpost-neutralization solution measured in the measurement portion 40 isnot particularly limited, and it is beneficial that whether or not theflow rate thereof allows a sulfurization reaction in the dezincificationreaction tank 31 to effectively proceed is set at the standard, and forexample, the flow rate value at the time of usual operation can beregarded as the standard. Furthermore, a predetermined standard value ofthe temperature of a circulated post-neutralization solution measured inthe measurement portion 40 is not particularly limited, and it isbeneficial that the standard is whether or not the temperature thereofallows a sulfurization reaction in the dezincification reaction tank 31to effectively proceed is set at the standard, and for example, atemperature of approximately 50 degrees C. can be regarded as thestandard.

Thus, in the dezincification plant 30, at the time of plant start-up, apost-neutralization solution is controlled to be circulated and it isjudged whether or not the flow rate and the temperature of saidpost-neutralization solution reach, for example, a flow rate at a usualoperation and a temperature of approximately not less than 50 degreesC., respectively. Then, when it is confirmed that the flow rate and thetemperature of the post-neutralization solution reach the predeterminedvalue or more, a sulfurization treatment is applied to thepost-neutralization solution, and a zinc-sulfide-containing motherliquor for nickel recovery is transferred to the filter apparatus 33.

In the dezincification plant 30 in the dezincification step S4, start-upoperation after the completion start-up of a periodic inspection isperformed as mentioned above, whereby the flow rate and the temperatureof a post-neutralization solution, which serves as process water, can bestabilized, and the stabilized post-neutralization solution can be madeto undergo a sulfurization treatment in the dezincification reactiontank 31, and transferred to the filter apparatus 33.

Thus, even without the addition of excessive hydrogen sulfide gas, zinccan be effectively made into zinc sulfide, and the concentration of zinccontained in a mother liquor for nickel recovery (post-dezincificationsolution) can be effectively reduced to not more than 1 mg/L.Furthermore, without imposing a heavy load on a filter cloth of thefilter apparatus 33, the lifespan of the filter cloth can be extended.Furthermore, plant startup, although, in the prior arts, having requiredapproximately one day to reach a state of usual operation, can be moreefficiently and promptly conducted, and thus a plant is stabilized at anusual operation level in a short time and operation efficiency can beimproved.

Furthermore, it is more preferable that, at the time of the start-upafter the completion of a periodic inspection, in addition to theabove-mentioned control by circulation of a post-neutralization solutionin the dezincification plant 30, the flow rate control of apost-neutralization solution in the neutralization plant 10 used in theneutralization step S3 is also performed.

Specifically, in the neutralization step S3, in the start-up of thedezincification plant 30 after the completion of a periodic inspectionthereof, at the time of starting the start-up, the switching valve 20installed in the flow piping 15 of the neutralization plant 10 isadjusted, whereby a post-neutralization solution is controlled to bereturned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 and circulated. In otherwords, without being transferred to the dezincification plant 30, apost-neutralization solution is made to circulate in the neutralizationtreatment plant 10. Then, when the flow rate and/or the temperature of apost-neutralization solution measured at the measurement portion 40arranged in the flow piping 34 of the above-mentioned dezincificationplant 30 reaches a predetermined value or more, the switching valve 20is adjusted so as to transfer the post-neutralization solution to thedezincification reaction tank 31 via the transfer piping 18.

At this time, a post-neutralization solution returned to theneutralization reaction tank 11 in the neutralization plant 10 andcirculated is preferably circulated while being warmed. As a heatingmethod, a heat exchanger installed in the circulation piping 19 of theneutralization plant 10 may be used for heating.

As mentioned above, in addition to the above-mentioned control in thedezincification plant 30, the flow rate control of a post-neutralizationsolution in the neutralization plant 10 is performed, whereby plantoperation can be stabilized in a shorter time after the start-upthereof. Thus, a sulfurization treatment in the dezincification plant 30effectively proceeds, and therefore the concentration of zinc containedin a mother liquor for nickel recovery can be reduced more effectively.Furthermore, as mentioned above, a post-neutralization solution to becirculated in the neutralization plant 10 is circulated while beingheated, whereby the temperature of the post-neutralization solution inthe neutralization plant 10 is made higher, and the post-neutralizationsolution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 can be moreefficiently heated. Also with this, the operation can be stabilized in afurther shorter time, and the concentration of zinc in a mother liquorfor nickel recovery can be effectively reduced.

3-5. Nickel Recovery Step

In the nickel recovery step S5, hydrogen sulfide gas is blown into amother liquor for nickel recovery to induce a sulfurization reaction,the mother liquor being obtained by separating and removing zinc, animpurity element, in the form of zinc sulfide in the dezincificationstep S4, whereby a sulfide containing nickel and cobalt (a nickel-cobaltmixed sulfide) and a barren solution are formed.

The mother liquor for nickel recovery is a sulfuric acid solution, whichis obtained from a leachate of nickel oxide ore by reducing an impuritycomponent in the leachate via the neutralization step S3 and thedezincification step S4, and for example, the mother liquor has a pH of3.2 to 4.0, a nickel concentration of 2 to 5 g/L, and a cobaltconcentration of 0.1 to 1.0 g/L. It should be noted that there is apossibility for approximately a few g/L of iron, magnesium, manganese,and the like to be contained, as impurity components, in this motherliquor for nickel recovery, but, these impurity components have lowstability as a sulfide with respect to nickel and cobalt to berecovered, and hence are not contained in a sulfide to be formed.

In the nickel recovery step S5, a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide containingless impurity component and a barren solution in which the concentrationof nickel is stabilized at a low level are formed and recovered.Specifically, a slurry of nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide obtained by asulfurization reaction undergoes sedimentation using a precipitator,such as a thickening apparatus, whereby a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide asa precipitate is separated and recovered from the bottom of thethickening apparatus. On the other hand, an aqueous solution componentis made to overflow, thereby being recovered as a barren solution. Itshould be noted that, as mentioned above, this barren solution containsunsulfurized impurity elements of iron, magnesium, manganese, and thelike.

4. EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, examples according to the present invention will bedescribed, but, the present invention is not limited to the followingexamples.

Examples Example 1

After a periodic inspection was performed for leaching metallurgicalplants for nickel oxide ore over one week, each of the plants wasstarted up, and, in a dezincification plant, the following operation wasperformed in a dezincification treatment step at the time of thestart-up thereof. It should be noted that the temperatures of the plantand process water at the time of the start-up were 30 degrees C.

In the dezincification plant, an operation was performed with the flowrate of a post-neutralization solution transferred thereto of 360 to 450m³/hr. Furthermore, in the start-up after the completion of the periodicinspection, at the time of starting the start-up, without applying asulfurization treatment to the transferred post-neutralization solution,a switching valve in flow piping installed in a storage tank isadjusted, whereby the post-neutralization solution is controlled to becirculated to a dezincification reaction tank via circulation piping.

Then, after it was confirmed that the temperature of the circulatedpost-neutralization solution reached 60 degrees C., a sulfurizationtreatment (dezincification reaction) of blowing hydrogen sulfide gas inthe dezincification reaction tank was performed to form zinc sulfide,and the switching valve was adjusted to transfer azinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery to a filterapparatus, whereby the zinc sulfide was separated and removed.

As a result of such operation performed, it was confirmed that theconcentration of zinc in a post-dezincification reaction solution (amother liquor for nickel recovery) was 0.9 mg/L on average, which wasless than an upper control limit value of 1 mg/L.

Furthermore, after that, a leaching plant for a leaching step wasstarted up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 19 hours.

In the meantime, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in a nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, was 0.7 mg/L on average, which satisfied an upper control limit of1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formed in thenickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickel recovery hadbeen transferred was measured, and as a result, the zinc grade was foundto be 0.009% by weight, and satisfied a specification upper limit of0.020% by weight.

Example 2

After a periodic inspection was performed for metallurgical plants forleaching of nickel oxide ore over one week, the following operationswere performed at the time of the start-up of each of the plants. Itshould be noted that the temperatures of the plant and process water atthe time of the start-up were 30 degrees C.

In the dezincification plant, an operation was performed with the flowrate of a post-neutralization solution transferred thereto of 360 to 450m³/hr. Furthermore, in the start-up after the completion of the periodicinspection, at the time of starting the start-up, without applying asulfurization treatment to the transferred post-neutralization solution,a switching valve in flow piping installed in a storage tank isadjusted, whereby the post-neutralization solution is controlled to becirculated to a dezincification reaction tank via circulation piping.

Furthermore, meanwhile, at the time of starting the start-up, in aneutralization plant to perform a neutralization step, a switching valvein flow piping installed in a storage tank is adjusted, wherebysimultaneously a part of said post-neutralization solution wascirculated to a neutralization reaction tank via circulation pipingcoupled to the flow piping. At this time, the post-neutralizationsolution circulated was heated using a heat exchanger installed in thecirculation piping.

Then, after it was confirmed that the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution circulated to the dezincification reactiontank in the dezincification plant reached 60 degrees C., a sulfurizationtreatment (dezincification reaction) of blowing hydrogen sulfide gas inthe dezincification reaction tank was performed to form zinc sulfide,and the switching valve was adjusted to transfer azinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery to a filterapparatus, whereby the zinc sulfide was separated and removed.

It should be noted that, when it was confirmed that the temperature ofthe post-neutralization solution circulated to the dezincificationreaction tank in the dezincification plant reached 60 degrees C., alsothe switching valve was adjusted to stop heat-circulation of thepost-neutralization solution to the neutralization reaction tank in theneutralization plant, whereby the whole amount of thepost-neutralization solution was transferred to the dezincificationreaction tank. At this time, the temperature of the post-neutralizationsolution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank rose to 40degrees C. from 30 degrees C., the temperature at the time of startingthe start-up.

As a result of such operation, it was confirmed that the concentrationof zinc in a post-dezincification reaction solution (mother liquor fornickel recovery) was 0.9 mg/L on average, which was less than an uppercontrol limit value of 1 mg/L.

Furthermore, after that, a leaching plant for a leaching step wasstarted up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 12 hours. As mentioned above, the reasonwhy the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery reached thedesignated value in a shorter time than in Example 1 may be that, notonly the circulation of a post-neutralization solution in thedezincification plant, but also the heat-circulation of apost-neutralization solution in the neutralization plant were performed,thereby allowing the temperature of the post-neutralization solution inthe neutralization plant to be higher and the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution transferred to the dezincification reactiontank to rise more quickly, whereby the dezincification reaction was moreefficiently and promptly stabilized.

In the meantime, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in a nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, was 0.5 mg/L on average, which satisfied an upper control limit of1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formed in thenickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickel recovery hadbeen transferred was measured, and as a result, the zinc grade was foundto be 0.007% by weight, which satisfied a specification upper limit of0.020% by weight.

Example 3

In Example 3, another periodic inspection, which was different from theabove-mentioned inspections performed in Examples 1 and 2, was performedfor metallurgical plants for leaching of nickel oxide ore over one week,and then the same operation as in Example 2 was performed at the time ofthe start-up of each of the plants. It should be noted that thetemperatures of the plants and process water at the time of the start-upthereof were 25 degrees C.

It should be noted that, in Example 3, when it was confirmed that thetemperature of the post-neutralization solution circulated to thedezincification reaction tank in the dezincification plant reached 60degrees C., also a switching valve was also adjusted to stopheat-circulation of the post-neutralization solution to theneutralization reaction tank in the neutralization plant, whereby thewhole amount of the post-neutralization solution was transferred to thedezincification reaction tank. At this time, the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution transferred to the dezincification reactiontank rose to 35 degrees C. from 20 degrees C., the temperature at thetime of starting the start-up.

As a result of such operation performed, it was confirmed that theconcentration of zinc in a post-dezincification reaction solution(mother liquor for nickel recovery) was 0.9 mg/L on average, which wasless than an upper control limit value of 1 mg/L.

Furthermore, after that, a leaching plant for a leaching step wasstarted up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach 360 m³/hr of a designated value was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 15 hours.

In the meantime, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in a nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, was 0.7 mg/L on average, which satisfied an upper control limit of1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formed in thenickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickel recovery hadbeen transferred was measured, and as a result, the zinc grade was foundto be 0.010% by weight, which satisfied a specification upper limit of0.020% by weight.

Comparative Example 1

In Comparative Example 1, a plant not equipped with circulation pipingwas used. In other words, in Comparative Example 1, the same periodicinspection as in Examples 1 and 2 was performed for metallurgical plantsfor leaching over one week. Then, in the start-up after the completionof the periodic inspection, without being circulated in adezincification plant, a post-neutralization solution was made toundergo a sulfurization treatment (dezincification reaction) of blowinghydrogen sulfide gas in a dezincification reaction tank from the time ofstarting the start-up, whereby a dezincificated sulfide was formed, andan operation wherein a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery was transferred to a filter apparatus thereby to separate andremove the zinc sulfide was performed. It should be noted that thetemperature of the post-neutralization solution transferred to thedezincification reaction tank at the time of the start-up was 30 degreesC., which was extremely lower than a lower control limit of 55 degreesC.

After such operation was performed, a leaching plant for a leaching stepwas started up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 24 hours, and thus it took long time tostabilize the plant at an usual operation level.

Furthermore, a filter of the dezincification plant got clogged up before24 hours elapsed after the plant start-up, and accordingly replacementthereof was required. Therefore, there were caused not only longerworking hours, but also a problem that process water containing avaluable metal and having an amount equivalent to the capacity of afilter tank was disposed of.

Furthermore, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in the nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, during the 24 hours that elapsed before the flow rate of themother liquor for nickel recovery reached a designated value was 12.4mg/L on average, which was considerably higher than an upper controllimit of 1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formedin the nickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickelrecovery had been transferred was measured, and as a result, the zincgrade was found to be 0.148% by weight on average, which was greatlyhigher than a specification upper limit of 0.020% by weight. Therefore,all of the lots concerned were regarded as nonconforming items.

Comparative Example 2

In Comparative Example 2, a plant not equipped with circulation pipingwas used. In other words, in Comparative Example 2, the same periodicinspection as in Example 3 was performed for metallurgical plants forleaching over one week. Then, in the start-up after the completion ofthe periodic maintenance inspection, without being circulated in adezincification plant, a post-neutralization solution was made toundergo a sulfurization treatment (dezincification reaction) of blowinghydrogen sulfide gas in a dezincification reaction tank from the time ofstarting the start-up, whereby a dezincificated sulfide was formed, andan operation wherein a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery was transferred to a filter apparatus thereby to separate andremove the zinc sulfide was performed. It should be noted that thetemperature of the post-neutralization solution transferred to thedezincification reaction tank at the time of the start-up was 30 degreesC., which was extremely lower than a lower control limit of 55 degreesC.

After such operation was performed, a leaching plant for a leaching stepwas started up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 39 hours, and thus it took long time tostabilize the plant at an usual operation level. Thus, during this time,it was impossible to supply a leachate to a neutralization reaction tankin a neutralization step, whereby the liquid volume in a leachatestorage tank in which the leachate was stored was extremely increased,and therefore the operation of a leaching plant to perform a leachingstep was forced to be suspended.

Furthermore, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in the nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, during the 39 hours that elapsed before the flow rate of themother liquor for nickel recovery reached a designated value was 10.2mg/L on average, which was considerably higher than an upper controllimit of 1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formedin the nickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickelrecovery had been transferred was measured, and as a result, the zincgrade was found to be 0.135% by weight on average, which was greatlyhigher than a specification upper limit of 0.020% by weight. Therefore,all of the lots concerned were regarded as nonconforming items.

Comparative Example 3

In Comparative Example 3, a plant not equipped with circulation pipingwas used. In other words, in Comparative Example 3, the same periodicinspection as in Example 3 was performed over one week. Then, in thestart-up after the completion of the periodic maintenance inspection,without being circulated in a dezincification plant, apost-neutralization solution was made to undergo a sulfurizationtreatment (dezincification reaction) of blowing hydrogen sulfide gas ina dezincification reaction tank from the time of starting the start-up,whereby a dezincificated sulfide was formed, and an operation wherein azinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery wastransferred to a filter apparatus thereby to separate and remove thezinc sulfide was performed. It should be noted that the temperature ofthe post-neutralization solution transferred to the dezincificationreaction tank at the time of the start-up was 30 degrees C., which wasextremely lower than a lower control limit of 55 degrees C.

After such operation was performed, a leaching plant for a leaching stepwas started up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 51 hours, and thus it took long time tostabilize the plant at an usual operation level. Thus, during this time,a reaction in the dezincification step was not stable, whereby it wasimpossible to supply a post-neutralization solution to thedezincification reaction tank in the dezincification step, and thereforeit was also impossible to supply a leachate to a neutralization reactiontank in a neutralization step, whereby the liquid volume in a leachatestorage tank in which the leachate was stored was extremely increased,and accordingly the operation of a leaching plant to perform a leachingstep was forced to be suspended.

After that, the leachate in the leachate storage tank was transferred toanother tank thereby to lower the liquid level of the storage tank, andthe leaching treatment plant configured to perform a leaching step wasstarted up, but, the reaction in the dezincification step was not stillstabilized yet, and accordingly the dezincification plant configured toperform the dezincification step was forced to be suspended. Therefore,once again, it became impossible to supply the leachate to theneutralization reaction tank in the neutralization step, whereby theliquid volume in the leachate storage tank was increased again, andaccordingly a second suspension of the operation of the leaching plantto perform the leaching step was forced.

Furthermore, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in the nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, during the 51 hours that elapsed before the flow rate of themother liquor for nickel recovery reached a designated value was 13.8mg/L on average, which was considerably higher than an upper controllimit of 1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide formedin the nickel recovery step to which the mother liquor for nickelrecovery had been transferred was measured, and as a result, the zincgrade was found to be 0.162% by weight on average, which was greatlyhigher than a specification upper limit of 0.020% by weight. Therefore,all of the lots concerned were regarded as nonconforming items.

Comparative Example 4

In Comparative Example 4, a plant not equipped with circulation pipingwas used. In other words, in Comparative Example 4, another periodicinspection, which was different from the periodic inspection performedin Examples 1 to 3, was performed over one week. Then, in the start-upafter the completion of the periodic inspection, without beingcirculated in a dezincification plant, a post-neutralization solutionwas made to undergo a sulfurization treatment (dezincification reaction)of blowing hydrogen sulfide gas in a dezincification reaction tank fromthe time of starting the start-up, whereby a dezincificated sulfide wasformed, and an operation wherein a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquorfor nickel recovery was transferred to a filter apparatus thereby toseparate and remove the zinc sulfide was performed. It should be notedthat the temperature of the post-neutralization solution transferred tothe dezincification reaction tank at the time of the start-up was 30degrees C., which was extremely lower than a lower control limit of 55degrees C.

After such operation was performed, a leaching plant for a leaching stepwas started up and the flow rate was gradually increased, then the timerequired for the flow rate of the mother liquor for nickel recovery toreach a designated value of 360 m³/hr was measured, and as a result, thetime required was found to be 43 hours, and thus it took long time tostabilize the plant at an usual operation level. Thus, during this time,it was impossible to supply a leachate to a neutralization reaction tankin a neutralization step, whereby the liquid volume in a leachatestorage tank in which the leachate was stored was extremely increased,and therefore the operation of the leaching plant to perform theleaching step was forced to be suspended.

After that, although a reaction in the dezincification step remainedinsufficiently stable, the leaching treatment plant was once started upin order to hurry a leaching treatment, and the supply of the leachateto the neutralization reaction tank in the neutralization step and, inaddition, the supply of the post-neutralization solution to thedezincification reaction tank in the dezincification step each werestarted.

As a result, the concentration of zinc in a mother liquor for nickelrecovery (post-dezincification solution) supplied to a sulfurizationreaction tank in the nickel recovery step, following the dezincificationstep, was 23.8 mg/L on average, which was considerably higher than anupper control limit of 1 mg/L. The zinc grade of a nickel-cobalt mixedsulfide formed in the nickel recovery step to which the mother liquorfor nickel recovery had been transferred was measured, and as a result,the zinc grade was found to be 0.280% by weight on average, which wasgreatly higher than a specification upper limit of 0.020% by weight.Therefore, all of the lots concerned were regarded as nonconformingitems.

The following Table 1 collectively shows the results of each of Examplesand Comparative Examples.

TABLE 1 Temperature of Time required for Number of Zinc concentrationsolution the flow rate of suspensions of post- (post-neutralizationLiquid post- of leaching dezincification Zinc solution) supplied totemperature dezincification step solution grade in dezincification justsolution during supplied nickel- reaction tank at the before to reachplant to nickel cobalt time of plant dezincification designated start-uprecovery mixture start-up reaction value (number step (% by (° C.) (°C.) (Hr) of times) (mg/L) weight) Example 1 30 60 19 0 0.7 0.009 Example2 40 60 12 0 0.5 0.007 Example 3 35 60 15 0 0.7 0.010 Comparative 30 3024 0 12.4 0.148 Example 1 Comparative 30 30 39 1 10.2 0.135 Example 2Comparative 30 30 51 2 13.8 0.162 Example 3 Comparative 30 30 43 1 23.80.280 Example 4

From the results summarized in this Table 1, it was found that: in thedezincification plant, at the time of the start-up of the plant afterthe completion of a periodic inspection, a post-neutralization solutionis controlled to be circulated to a dezincification reaction tankwithout applying a sulfurization treatment to the post-neutralizationsolution; and then, when the flow rate and the temperature of thepost-neutralization solution reaches a predetermined value or more, asulfurization treatment is applied thereto in the dezincificationreaction tank, thereby forming a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquorfor nickel recovery, and the mother liquor is transferred to a filterapparatus and separated; such operation at the time of starting thestart-up makes it possible to achieve smooth start-up with a reducedtime required for reaching an usual operation level as well as toeffectively reduce the amount of zinc remaining in a mother liquor fornickel recovery (post-dezincification solution) obtained in thedezincification plant.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

10 . . . neutralization plant, 11 . . . neutralization reaction tank, 12. . . separation treatment tank, 13 . . . storage tank, 14 . . .viscosity measurement portion, 15 . . . flow piping, 16 . . . flow pump,17 . . . branch point, 18 . . . transfer piping, 19 . . . circulationpiping, 20 . . . switching valve, 30 . . . dezincification plant, 31 . .. dezincification reaction tank, 32 . . . storage tank, 33 . . . filterapparatus, 34 . . . flow piping, 35 . . . flow pump, 36 . . . branchpoint, 37 . . . transfer piping, 38 . . . circulation piping, 39 . . .switching valve, 40 . . . measurement portion

1. A dezincification plant, being used in a hydrometallurgical methodfor nickel oxide ore, the dezincification step being such that asulfurization treatment is applied to a post-neutralization solutionobtained through a neutralization step of neutralizing a leachate ofsaid nickel oxide ore thereby to form zinc sulfide, and said zincsulfide is separated to obtain a mother liquor containing nickel andcobalt for nickel recovery, the dezincification plant comprising: adezincification reaction tank configured to form zinc sulfide byapplying a sulfurization treatment to the above-mentionedpost-neutralization solution and form a mother liquor containing saidzinc sulfide for nickel recovery; a filter apparatus configured toseparate the above-mentioned zinc sulfide and the above-mentioned motherliquor for nickel recovery; and a storage tank configured to temporarilystore the above-mentioned zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor fornickel recovery, while to have flow piping installed thereby to transfersaid zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery to theabove-mentioned filter apparatus, the flow piping being coupled totransfer piping connected to said filter apparatus, wherein theabove-mentioned flow piping installed in the above-mentioned storagetank is coupled to circulation piping at a coupling portion coupled tothe above-mentioned transfer piping, and branched, and a switching valveis installed at said branch point, furthermore, a measurement portion tomeasure a flow rate and/or a temperature of a solution flowing throughthe above-mentioned flow piping is provided to said flow piping, and instart-up of the dezincification plant after completion of a periodicinspection, at a time of starting the start-up, without applying asulfurization treatment to the above-mentioned post-neutralizationsolution, said post-neutralization solution is controlled by adjustmentof the above-mentioned switching valve so as to be circulated to theabove-mentioned dezincification reaction tank via the above-mentionedcirculation piping coupled to the flow piping installed in theabove-mentioned storage tank, and, when a flow rate and/or a temperatureof the post-neutralization solution circulated reach a predeterminedvalue or more, a sulfurization treatment is applied to thepost-neutralization solution in the dezincification reaction tankthereby to form a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery, and said zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery is transferred to the above-mentioned filter apparatus via theabove-mentioned transfer piping by adjustment of the above-mentionedswitching valve.
 2. A method for operating a dezincification plant, thedezincification plant being used in a dezincification step in ahydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore, the dezincification stepbeing such that a sulfurization treatment is applied to apost-neutralization solution obtained through a neutralization step ofneutralizing a leachate of said nickel oxide ore thereby to form zincsulfide, and said zinc sulfide is separated thereby to obtain a motherliquor containing nickel and cobalt for nickel recovery, thedezincification plant comprising: a dezincification reaction tankconfigured to form zinc sulfide by applying a sulfurization treatment tothe above-mentioned post-neutralization solution and form a motherliquor containing said zinc sulfide for nickel recovery; a filterapparatus configured to separate the above-mentioned zinc sulfide andthe above-mentioned mother liquor for nickel recovery; and a storagetank configured to temporarily store the above-mentionedzinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery, while to haveflow piping installed thereby to transfer said zinc-sulfide-containingmother liquor for nickel recovery to the above-mentioned filterapparatus, the flow piping being coupled to transfer piping connected tosaid filter apparatus, wherein the above-mentioned flow piping installedin the above-mentioned storage tank is coupled to circulation piping ata coupling portion coupled to the above-mentioned transfer piping, andbranched, and a switching valve is installed at said branch point,furthermore, a measurement portion to measure a flow rate and/or atemperature of a solution flowing through the above-mentioned flowpiping is provided to said flow piping, and in start-up of thedezincification plant after completion of a periodic inspection, at atime of starting the start-up, without applying a sulfurizationtreatment to the above-mentioned post-neutralization solution, saidpost-neutralization solution is controlled by adjustment of theabove-mentioned switching valve so as to be circulated to theabove-mentioned dezincification reaction tank via the above-mentionedcirculation piping coupled to the flow piping installed in theabove-mentioned storage tank, and, when a flow rate and/or a temperatureof the post-neutralization solution circulated reach a predeterminedvalue or more, a sulfurization treatment is applied to thepost-neutralization solution in the dezincification reaction tankthereby to form a zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery, and said zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery is transferred to the above-mentioned filter apparatus via theabove-mentioned transfer piping by adjustment of the above-mentionedswitching valve.
 3. A hydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore,the hydrometallurgical method comprising: a neutralization step ofneutralizing a leachate obtained by leaching nickel oxide ore to obtaina neutralized precipitate containing an impurity and apost-neutralization solution containing zinc as well as nickel andcobalt; and a dezincification step of applying a sulfurization treatmentto said post-neutralization solution to form zinc sulfide and separatingsaid zinc sulfide to obtain a mother liquor for nickel recovery, themother liquor containing nickel and cobalt, wherein a dezincificationplant configured to perform a dezincification treatment in theabove-mentioned dezincification step comprises: a dezincificationreaction tank configured to form zinc sulfide by applying asulfurization treatment to the above-mentioned post-neutralizationsolution and form a mother liquor for nickel recovery, the mother liquorcontaining said zinc sulfide; a filter apparatus configured to separatethe above-mentioned zinc sulfide and the above-mentioned mother liquorfor nickel recovery; and a storage tank configured to temporarily storethe above-mentioned zinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickelrecovery, while to have flow piping installed thereby to transfer saidzinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery to theabove-mentioned filter apparatus, the flow piping being coupled totransfer piping connected to said filter apparatus, wherein theabove-mentioned flow piping installed in the above-mentioned storagetank is coupled to circulation piping at a coupling portion coupled tothe above-mentioned transfer piping, and branched, and a switching valveis installed at said branch point, and furthermore, a measurementportion to measure a flow rate and/or a temperature of a solutionflowing through the above-mentioned flow piping is provided to said flowpiping, wherein, in the dezincification plant in the above-mentioneddezincification step, in start-up of the dezincification plant aftercompletion of a periodic inspection, at a time of starting the start-up,without applying a sulfurization treatment to the above-mentionedpost-neutralization solution, said post-neutralization solution iscontrolled by adjustment of the above-mentioned said zinc sulfideswitching valve so as to be circulated to the above-mentioneddezincification reaction tank via the above-mentioned circulation pipingcoupled to the flow piping installed in the above-mentioned storagetank, and, when a flow rate and/or a temperature of thepost-neutralization solution circulated reach a predetermined value ormore, a sulfurization treatment is applied to the post-neutralizationsolution in the dezincification reaction tank thereby to form azinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery, and saidzinc-sulfide-containing mother liquor for nickel recovery is transferredto the above-mentioned filter apparatus via the above-mentioned transferpiping by adjustment of the above-mentioned switching valve.
 4. Thehydrometallurgical method for nickel oxide ore according to claim 3,wherein a neutralization plant configured to perform a neutralizationtreatment in the above-mentioned neutralization step comprises: aneutralization reaction tank configured to perform a neutralizationreaction of the above-mentioned leachate; a separation treatment tankconfigured to add a flocculant to a slurry obtained after theabove-mentioned neutralization reaction to separate into a neutralizedprecipitate and a post-neutralization solution; and a storage tankconfigured to temporarily store the post-neutralization solutiontransferred from the above-mentioned separation treatment tank, whereinflow piping is installed in the above-mentioned storage tank, the flowpiping being branched at a predetermined point provided with a switchingvalve, and, at said branched point, the flow piping being coupled totransfer piping configured to transfer the above-mentionedpost-neutralization solution to the above-mentioned dezincificationreaction tank in the above-mentioned dezincification step andcirculation piping configured to return said post-neutralizationsolution to the above-mentioned neutralization reaction tank tocirculate the post-neutralization solution, wherein, in theneutralization plant in the neutralization step, in start-up of theabove-mentioned dezincification plant after completion of a periodicinspection thereof, at a time of starting the start-up, theabove-mentioned post-neutralization solution is controlled to bereturned to the above-mentioned neutralization reaction tank byadjustment of the above-mentioned switching valve, and, when a flow rateand/or a temperature thereof measured in the above-mentioned measurementportion installed in the above-mentioned dezincification plant reaches apredetermined value or more, the above-mentioned post-neutralizationsolution is transferred to the above-mentioned dezincification reactiontank via the above-mentioned transfer piping by adjustment of theabove-mentioned switching valve.
 5. The hydrometallurgical method fornickel oxide ore according to claim 3, the hydrometallurgical methodcomprising: a leaching step of adding sulfuric acid to a slurry of theabove-mentioned nickel oxide ore to perform leaching under hightemperature and high pressure; a solid-liquid separation step ofseparating a residue by multistage washing of a leached slurry therebyto obtain a leachate containing an impurity element as well as nickeland cobalt; a neutralization step of adjusting a pH of theabove-mentioned leachate to separate a neutralized precipitatecontaining an impurity element therefrom, thereby obtaining apost-neutralization solution containing zinc as well as nickel andcobalt; a dezincification step of adding hydrogen sulfide gas to theabove-mentioned post-neutralization solution to form zinc sulfide andseparating said zinc sulfide to obtain a mother liquor containing nickeland cobalt for nickel recovery; and a nickel recovery step of addinghydrogen sulfide gas to the above-mentioned mother liquor for nickelrecovery thereby to form a mixed sulfide containing nickel and cobalt.